American Hist 1877 to Present. What If Paper - 1465 Words

A Change in History? Looking back through American history there have been those â€Å"what if† moments. Moments where we sit there and think, what if that had never happened or if it happened at a different time? Would the world still be the same? Would American’s still have the freedom we have today? One will never know, we can only imagine what the world would have been like if a different course was taken. There are a few events in American history that I felt should have gone a little differently so I tried my best to write it all out. In the year 1867, secretary of state William H. Seward negotiated the purchasing of a state known today as Alaska from the country of Russia for a measly $7.2 million. Two years after America acquired†¦show more content†¦During the early stages of WW2 Japan withdrew from the League of Nations and invaded China killing over 100,000 civilians. Do to Japans actions, the American government slowly began to cut them off from th eir assets and sent them a warning letter saying America wasn’t going to turn the other cheek if these actions were kept up. Japan decided to make no efforts in changing their military strategy so we fully cut Japan off from American supplies in 1941. Now its hard to say whether or not America made the correct decision when cutting off Japan during WW2, it created a lot of tension and anger towards America from the Japanese. Japan began to plan a surprise attack on one the U.S. Naval bases in Hawaii called Pearl Harbor. The attack occurred on a Sunday morning December 7, 1941. America lost 2,000 citizens and soldiers that day. The next day Franklin D. Roosevelt (America’s president at the time) announced Americas entry into WW2. I believe that if America had never cut Japan off from their assets then the anger and hostility would not have been there creating a reason for Japan to attack America and without the attack on Pearl Harbor, America would have no reason to ent er the war during the year 1941. During the year 1941 president Franklin D. Roosevelt created a committee known as the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD). The OSRD was an amazing organization who impacted American history is multiple ways. TheShow MoreRelatedFamilies On The Home Front During Wwii1604 Words   |  7 Pages Families on the Home Front during WWII by Ewa Bieciuk HIST 2200- U.S. History Since 1877 Summer 2015 Prof. Hardin September 1st, 1939 is a day that changed the course of history. Lives were lost, families ripped apart, towns destroyed, and jobs were created. World War II had just begun with the majority of the main countries in our world participating in the war that would ultimately kill millions of soldiers and civilians. Two years later, on December 8th, 1941 after theRead MoreRegents Exam in U.S. History and Government7115 Words   |  29 Pagesexclusive right to declare war if the nation is attacked (3) protect the interests of states with small populations and states with large populations (4) provide for the indirect election of the president through the electoral college [2] U.S. Hist. Gov’t. – Jan. ’13 8 Which presidential action is an example of the use of the unwritten constitution? (1) signing a law passed by Congress (2) calling a meeting of the cabinet (3) ordering the navy to patrol the Persian Gulf (4) nominating a

Diabetes Education Plan - 1587 Words

Introduction According to Johnson and Raterink (2009), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global chronic health issue. Though, it is found that the condition is largely preventable as many of the risk factors for developing the disease such as excess weight, poor diet, inactivity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, are modifiable behaviours (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). A client newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM may be unaware that the illness can be effectively self-managed with changes to diet, lifestyle and if necessary the inclusion of oral hypoglycemic agents (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2008). Therefore, the aim of the education plan is to assist the client to make educated lifestyle†¦show more content†¦Therefore, client and family education will focus on positive lifestyle modifications to increase physical activity and improve eating habits (Bartol, 2012). The lifestyle modifications of healthy eating and increased activity levels imp rove blood glucose control, aid in weight management, improve general health and may reduce the need for oral hypoglycemic agents (Sanchez, 2011; AIWH, 2012). In addition, education on the self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) focuses on self-management strategies. Education should focus on how to perform the test with the use of a blood glucose meter, how to care for equipment and how to manage a high or low blood glucose reading (Sanchez, 2011). SMBG is an important component of diabetes management as it enables the client to learn and evaluate the effects of diet and exercise on blood glucose levels which should aid better adherence to treatment regime (Nyenwe et al., 2011). Client knowledge deficit in relation to oral hypogylcaemic medications and insulin therapy should also be addressed. Medication education should provide information regarding what each medication is, dosage, possible side effects and if they interact with any other medications (Bullock Manias, 2011).Show MoreRelatedThe Health Belief Model Of People With Type 2 Diabetes789 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding and predicting how clients will behave about their health and how they will comply with healthcare therapies (Boskey, 2014). Carter, Barba, and Kautz (2013) report culturally tailored education can lead to significant improvements in self-care in African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Also, appropriate dieting, exercise, medical checkups and medication regimens for prevention and management show efficient improvements. 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Founded in October 1994, the ADA Foundation was created to substantially accelerate the Association s ability to raise major gifts to directlyRead MorePrevention Of Type II Diabetes Policy Gap Analysis Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesprevention of diabetes and pre-diabetes is something that while has changed some in the past, has been basically the same for the past 20-25 yeas. This disease effects many throughout the country but effects those in the middle and lower classes due to the cost of eating healthier being greater than the alternative and also due to the fact that these groups are less likely to go for routine health care. Education for the providers and patients both need to be more accessible. Providers education for screeningRead MoreEvaluation Of A Holistic Teaching Approach1382 Words   |  6 PagesPatients diagnosed with Diabetes have very wide-ranging learning needs. 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According to Healthy People 2020, Diabetes Mellitus affects an estimated 23.6 million people in the UnitedRead MoreDiabetic Patients Should Be Educated About Diagnosis Of The Disease ( Powers )1730 Words   |  7 PagesAll treatment plans for diabetic patients should include education for nutrition therapy and physical. Other important education topics should be covered with individuals with diabetes type two are psychological concerns, behavior change strategies (e.g., self-directed goal setting), taking medications, purchasing food, planning meals, identifying portion sizes, physical activity, and checking blood glucose (ADA, 2016). â€Å"Individuals requiring insulin should receive additiona l education so that theRead MoreCare of Children with Diabetes in the School and Day Care Setting1366 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes in a Classroom Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, with a prevalence of 1.7 affected individuals per 1,000 people aged less than 20 years. In the US, 13,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in children. There are about 125,000 individuals less than 19 years of age with diabetes in the U.S. The majorities of these young people attend school and/or some type of day care and need knowledgeable staff to provide a safe school environment. Both parents and the health

Discourse Organization on Asian Fashion Blogs Free Essays

Discourse Organization of Asian Fashion Blobs Introduction Background of the study Blobbing has emerged as one of the most popular forms of online discourse. The ease and lack of expense in setting blobs has raised intriguing possibilities for language learning in social media. The unique nature of its architecture and its low cost have not only affected how different floggers can publish and distribute their work to a wider audience but also how they see themselves as writers. We will write a custom essay sample on Discourse Organization on Asian Fashion Blogs or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Blood (2002), blobs have been used in various ways: as online Journals, a meaner of signing hypertext’s, and more radically, to create what calls the first native form of discourse on the internet. She argues that blobbing best reflects the dream of Tim Burners-Lee (2000), who was one of the principal designers of the World Wide Web, to make the Web into something truly interactive both in terms of how texts are read and how they can be easily posted and accessed. The growing interest in blobbing has aroused the interest of English as a Second Language and English as a Foreign Language fashion floggers who see blobbing as a simple and low cost way of giving traders an access to publishing, advertising and distributing their writings on the internet as a method of providing them with the experience of writing in a digital format, and as a meaner of discussing issues related to their social and personal lives. According to Fleischman (2002), blobbing is the art of turning one’s own filter on news and the world into something others might want to read, link to, and write about. The openness can give the floggers a greater sense of the variety of possible audiences they can reach, both for understanding these audiences and learning strategies to spoon to them. These types of on-line discussions have been referred to as â€Å"gated communities† (Lowe Williams, 2004). With regards to world English, Karachi (1992) conceived the idea of three concentric circles of the language. The inner circle represents the traditional bases and is composed of native speakers of English (e. G. United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Anglophone Canada and South Africa, and some of the Caribbean territories). The outer circle includes countries where English is not the native tongue but they use it as a second language (e. . India, Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong) while those that belong to the expanding circle are the rest of the world where English is used as the primary foreign language (e. G. Russia, China, Japan, Korea, Egypt, Indonesia etc. ). This idea has helped to classify the eight Asian countries that will serve as the subject in this study on how they use English as a language. Kaplan (1966) claims that English writing is characterized by directness and deductive reasoning, while other languages (e. G. Oriental languages and Arabic) favor indirectness and inductive reasoning. At the same time, he attempts to link the differences in discourse organization between English and other languages to their respective cultures and thought patterns. He marked the birth of the notion now known as Contrastive Rhetoric. It assumes that different languages had their own specific and culturally bound conventions and patterns of writing. This may also tell if there are such characteristics in Asian fashion blobs. Moreover, with regards to each Asian flogger’s writing style, contrastive rhetoric should also be considered. Contrastive rhetoric is an area of research in second language acquisition that identifies problems in imposition encountered by second language writers and, by referring to the rhetorical strategies of the first language, attempts to explain them. As summarized by Connors (1997), some internal and external forces give rise to this change in perspective. The internal force comes from criticism of contrastive rhetoric, which has required it to go beyond traditional linguistic parameters of analysis to consider discursive features, processes and contexts of writing. The external forces come from new developments in discourse analysis and changing focuses in first language composition research. To enrich further the structure of each blob, genre analysis will also be considered. This may identify if fashion blobbing belongs in a specific genre by studying how the SSL and FEEL floggers use the language when writing. The focus of this study is on the discourse organization of Asian fashion blobs. Considering their writing style, comparing the blobs of these particular Asian countries that are categorized into two groups will be done throughout the study. Statement of the problem This study aims to answer the following questions: 1 . What are the structures of a fashion blob? . What are the similarities and the differences between the fashion blobs of SSL and FEEL writers? Significance of the study College students of English Language Related Programs Knowing that blob can also be studied as it is a part of our social world, this study can still be given more attention by giving further enrichment by the future researchers. They can provide new findings supported by different related literatures. As the traditional way of analyzing language data from academic institutions, this paper will thoroughly investigate the language used in fashion blobs. This will further explore the online discourse by plunging into the grounds of computer-mediated-communication (CM). Researchers in the Field of Linguistics This research paper will be able to support future research papers that are related to discourse analysis, world English, contrastive rhetoric and genre analysis. As most of us today enjoy the web 2. 0 which includes blobbing (http://www. Slideshows. Net/ muzzy/blobbing), it challenges the researchers to become more analytical in their field. As language researchers move forward by conducting thorough investigations, here will probably be new ideas that will be contributed to the field of Linguistics. Teachers and Professors of Language The study on contrastive rhetoric among students has always been limited to the doctorate material for pedagogical purposes which is believed to limit learners’ ability to express themselves. The paper will further explicate the online discourse specifically fashion web logging which has been considered as one of the tools to express oneself in social network. This would provide enough knowledge to expand the language teachers’ repertoire in different writing styles. Floggers Whether these people are in different forms of blobbing, this study may inform them how important language is. In fashion blobbing, it is inspired with different marketing strategies boxed with pictures that are inviting, description of every detail of it and stories experienced by the flogger. Also, they may be informed that this style of marketing includes certain rhetoric in it. Furthermore, this style of writing can be one of the factors of the increasing subscribers and viewers. A. Scope and Limitation With the number of studies about the circularity and linearity among the SSL and FEEL argumentative essays, court proceedings, business letters and newspapers, this paper focuses on the discourse organization of Asian fashion blobs. The study will only look into the structure of a fashion blob and to identify the differences and similarities of SSL and FEEL writers. The FEEL countries are Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand and the SSL countries are India, Singapore, Philippines and Hong Kong. These countries are only limited for each group. B. Definition of terms Blob is another term for web log, a social networking site (http://www. Slideshows. Net/ cubic/blobbing) of discussion or information site published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete entries (â€Å"posts†) typically displayed in reverse chronological order so the most recent post appears first. Usually, it is being used as an online Journal (http://en. Wisped. Erg/wick/Blob). FEEL stands for English as a foreign language and pertains to how speakers use English for limited utilities, for example, for research references and sign boards. The countries that belong to this group are Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand while, SSL stands for English s a second language and refers to English speakers who could speak it intensely and intimately. In Cracker†™s concentric circles, this group encompasses the countries that were colonized by the Western countries such as India, Singapore, Hong Kong and Philippines ( Karachi and Nelson, 2006). How to cite Discourse Organization on Asian Fashion Blogs, Essays

Development Challenges Tourism In Pakistan â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Challenges Tourism In Pakistan? Answer: Introduction Tourism sector has been considered as the fastest growing sector in the industry. Moreover, it is also has been ranked as the largest revenue earner and contributor to the economic developments and growth within a region. Identification of the sport tourism has been done by the tourism sector and which refers to the understanding of travel which also includes the activities related to sports as an integral market (Ardahaey, 2011). It is of very much essential for the societies and the business organizations to enhance and develop the understanding about the advantages and impacts on sports tourism, potential sponsorship opportunities and other components which are involved in strategizing and planning for a successful event. And this is done so as to compete in emerging sport tourism market. Sport tourism can be considered as beneficial option initiative for economic development, including municipalities, tourism and sport partners. The below executed analysis has been made focused o n the report which involves the discussion on the sports event which has been conducted by a business organization. Mercedes Benz is a multinational corporation which has been operating the business activities and supplying its products and services to sport events. Moreover, the business entity has also been offering a special services .i.e. Mercedes Benz Suites which are used for conducting the different sports events in the region of Singapore and also in other regions. The sports event which has been presented as an example is the The Color Run Night, Singapore (Alexandris Kaplanidou, 2014). This sports event is a 5 kilometer and un-timed colorful night run. Moreover, the further report has been concentrated on describing the different aspects of this sports event which involves tourism receipts, the level of competition faced by the entity etc. The varied range of mechanisms and the tools for analyzing and evaluating the sports event and also the same will be done for Business Corporation, Description of the company Mercedes Benz is Multinational Corporation and is also an international and well renowned name in the sector of automobile manufacturing. The brand name is also a segment of German Company Diamler AG (Babin Zikmund, 2015). The business corporation is a well renowned name in offering luxury vehicles, trucks, busses and coaches. 1926 is the year when the company came to existence and started offering the products and the services and the entity has been headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Manufacturing and offering the most comfortable, safest and most efficient vehicles all over the globe has been considered as the prime objective of the business corporation. The business entity is very much customer oriented and due to which the needs and requirements of the consumers are considered on priority. This enables the company to develop and design the vehicles which offers a high level of satisfaction to the consumers. The business firm has been offering the exceptional range of engineeri ng products, visionary designs and standard innovation in their offerings since long duration. The multinational corporation is also involved in sponsoring various sport events and through this medium the promotion is executed on larger grounds (Barcelona Field Study Centre 2017). The business entity has been offering the products and services to the sports events in the region of Singapore. The services offered for the above mentioned sports event are the two storey Mercedes Benz suites a full service bars for the athletes, plush lounge seating after running, free Popsicle tasting etc. Description of the sports event The Color Run Night is a five-Kilometer, un-timed colorful night run in which the participants or the runners are quenched from head to toe in neon colors at each and every milestone. The runners are also wearing black-light, headlamps for illuminating the night life (Bulwa, 2013). This event is also termed as sweet starlit party which is featuring a four color zones and color throws. There is also sweet music played which is pumped from all the zones. This music offers a pleasurable experience of nightlife. The event has been considered as the nocturnal method of experiencing the 5K. The participants or the runners are expected to wear a black-light head lamp which is for capturing the UV reactive powder when the color id thrown and the glow of the color zones and the night attractions throughout the entire neon action (Evans and Campbell., 2013). Generally, this event is also named as a glowtastic party after the start of the event and is same till the end. This event is also terme d as the Happiest 5k event or party on the planet. This is a unique paint race, which is organized for celebrating the happiness, healthiness and independence. The numerous participants and the runners are quenched from head to toe in the neon colors at each and every milestone. Backlight headlamps are wore by the participants so as to lighten the glow of nightlife. This headlamp to snatches the Ultra Violet reactive powder which is thrown over the runners during the color throws. Moreover, it captures the glow of color zones and attractions at night during the whole neon course. At present this event has been considered as one of the largest night event in the world and approximately more than 6 million runners all over the world in over 35 nations (Fyall Shipway, 2013). The event is based on the two major rules and which are required to be followed by the runners, that the runners are expected to come to the beginning line being dressed in the brightest neon styles cloths and fin ish plastered in glowing colors. Description of the services Mercedes Benz is a Multinational Corporation which is a globally renowned name in the industry of automobile manufacturing (Getz, 2008). The business corporation is a well renowned name in offering luxury vehicles, trucks, busses and coaches. Manufacturing and offering the most comfortable, safest and most efficient vehicles all over the globe has been considered as the prime objective of the business corporation. The business firm has been offering the exceptional range of engineering products, visionary designs and standard innovation in their offerings since long duration. The multinational corporation is also involved in sponsoring various sport events and through this medium the promotion is executed on larger grounds. The business entity has been offering the products and services to the sports events in the region of Singapore Toursims recipts The mentioned sports event is an international event that is recognized very well all over the globe. The event tempts the tourists and the travellers on international grounds (Hollensen, 2015). A potential growth has been observed in the sports in the place making objective in the region of Singapore. Moreover, the regions has been organizing number of other sports events, such as, Singapore Grand Prix, Singapore Olympics, Singapore run events etc. On the basis of the conducted research it has been analyzed that in case of Color Night Run 2016, both the tourist arrivals and tourism receipts were estimated more as compared to the predicted data. Approximately, the tourist receipts showed a hike of 7.7% to 16.4 million in comparison and whereas the tourism receipts were noted at 14 and which grew to $24.8 billion (Dias et al., 2014). On the basis of another survey conducted by Singapore Tourism Board it has been determined that tourism sector in Singapore has been considered as the st rongest sector in 2016. Economic factors The main objective of the mentioned event id profit earning and the same has been regulated by The Color Run LLC. The event has also partnered with number of national and international charities, local food pantry or hospital services for children are the examples of these charities. Profit earning has been offering a high rate of growth to the nation. It has been observed that earlier before the execution of this event in 2016 (Nieves Quintana, 2016), Singapore was considered as a weaker economy. But occurrence of this event has imposed number of positive effects on the economy and has also contributed in re-energizing the tourism of the nation. The events tempt the tourists for purchasing the dresses, headlamps, food and beverages and shopping and also on accommodation in the region. This has been largely contributing in the economic development. The organization in country can promote their business operations by sponsoring the event, like; Mercedes Benz (Santos Alonso, 2014). Target market The business entity for this sports event have a wide range of target market as this event can be joined or participated by young, old, local, foreign or the tourists for every age group (Singapore Tourism Board 2017). The sports event is participated by the athletes and common audience who have different speeds and sizes. Only there is an age criteria and .i.e. the participants are required who are below 18 years are required. This waiver form is required to be signed by their guardians and parents, permitting them for race. The children below 7 years are free to run. Demographic competitors Black-light Singapore has been considered as the biggest rival of Color Night Run. As compared to the color night run event the Black-light does not concentrate on how fast the runners are running and what they enjoyed. The athletes and the participants who are in search of good time are welcome to this event. This event has been considered as one of the coolest themed running events all over the globe (The Color Run 2017). An amount of 50$ for first 3000 runners and then goes up to 65$ has been charged as a registration fees. Products There are numerous services offered by the business entity at the Color Night Run event Singapore. For instance, variety and comfortable suites for the participants, these include the suites which are located at the field level (The Color Run 2017). These suites are designed for facilitating the participants with the luxury and other required services. Additional services include the bars for premium seating participants or the tourists. Moreover, these luxury suites includes all the required amenities, VIP parking passes and premium catering services. Varied range of prices and packages are offered by Mercedes Benz. The prices of suites vary and can be chosen by the participants according to their income level and affordability (Woodside Martin, 2008). The suites vary according to their services and these are considered as the best revenue earning source for the sponsors and the economy as a whole. The official websites is the main location from where the participants and tourists can fids required data (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). Moreover, sets of effective distribution channels are also used by the business organization. Social media through internet has been considered as the biggest promotional medium which has been widely used by the event organizers. Also organization has been making use of offline for grabbing the attention of runners and other related audience. Volunteers for the stadiums and staff and the other workers for assisting the runners and the participants are considered as the people of the organization. The volunteers are trained to assist and aid the participants for offering various services. This also includes check-in process, registration, food and beverages services. Physical Evidence The stadium suites, the food joints and the service bars should have good ambience so as to offer better services to the participants (Goodall Ashworth, 2013). The staff at suites is very comforting and cordial and also a dress code is followed by the staff and volunteers. The below executed is the SWOT analysis which has been conducted for determining the following factor of the sports event: The Color Night Run event Singapore can target the market on wide range as families, old and young people, handicapped people can participate, and this can be considered as the strength of this event. Another plus point of the occurrence of this event is that it is held at weekends and that is the main reason which provides possibility to more audience to participate (Asdullah, Ahmad Parveen, 2015). Weakness Due to less popularity in the regions other than Asia pacific regions the event can face the issue of short of volunteers. Also a communication gap has been observed in the offline and online media and which have grown as a weakness for the event. Sometimes poor planning and miss management can also be proven as a weakness for the event. Opportunities The event has been considered as one of the biggest attraction for the tourists and sports lovers from all over the globe. The same is in the case of media and investors; they are also getting attracted towards this. This attraction develops new opportunities such as development of new partnerships with charity organizations and sponsorships with emerging organizations on local and international level. Intensification in the competitive environment has been considered as the biggest threat for the color Night Run event. Blacklight Run can be considered as the biggest rival which has come-up as the threat for the event and which has also become the reason for diverting the interest of people towards other events. Business model canvas for sports event Product positioning has been termed as the mechanism which is utilized for communicating and establishing the brand image of the company and their products and services in target market. Effective positioning strategies are utilized by Mercedes Benz for executing establishing the products in the market and also the sports event. Product differentiation methodology has been adopted by the business entity for positioning the product (Pedersen Thibault, 2014). For the Color Night Run event, the business entity has been offering its stadium suites and services clubs, where participants and runners. Moreover, the business entity has been offering a varied range of services and that to different cost packages, so it can be experienced by every runner according to their affordability. Management structure The management team plays an integral in the execution of the operations and functionalities of the business. The management has been engaged in the various functions. The below presented is the diagram which has been indicating the management structure for The Color Night Run event in Singapore. This diagram represents the structure which includes different hierarchy of management within the business organization. The top level management of this sports event consists of the advisory committee and authorities which play a role of planning for the sport event also decisions regarding the event, such as; location, city for event are liable to this comity. Duties and responsibilities of middle and lower level management comprises of rewards, instructions for runners etc. Forecasting Revenue generation in the Color Night Run event can be done ticket selling, registrations, memberships etc. On the basis of the conducted research it has been predicted that there will be huge revenues this year, i.e. 70$ million, is the estimated increase by 5% in the second year. An increase in the awareness about this event, there will be a hike in the revenues by 10% for the third year. Conclusion In the limelight of the above executed analysis it has been concluded that Mercedes Benz is the multinational brand name in the sector of automobile and other related services and are organizing a ports event .i.e. the color night run event, Singapore. The above presented report has been References Alexandris, K., Kaplanidou, K. (2014). Marketing sport event tourism: sport tourist behaviors and destination provisions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 23(3), 125-127. Ardahaey, F.T. (2011). Economic Impacts of Tourism Industry. International Journal of Business andManagement, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 206-215. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G. (2015). Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Barcelona Field Study Centre. (2017). Tourism Costs and Benefits. Retrieved from https://geographyfieldwork.com/TourismProsCons.htm. Bulwa, D. (2013). Color Run attracts casual athletes. San Francisco Chronicle. Ens., N and Campbell., D. (2013). Strategic management for Travel and Tourism. Routledge. Fyall, A. Shipway, R. (2013). International Sports Events: Impacts, Experiences and Identities. Routledge Publications. Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism management, 29(3), 403-428. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Munar, A.M. and Jacobsen, J.K.S., 2014. Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism management, 43, pp.46-54. Nieves, J., Quintana, A. (2016). Human resource practices and innovation in the hotel industry: The mediating role of human capital. Tourism and Hospitality Research. Santos, D. Alonso, M. (2014). Strategies in Sports Marketing: Technologies and Emerging Trends: Technologies and Emerging Trends: Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, IGI Global Publications. Singapore Tourism Board. (2017). Singapore Achieves Record Tourism Sector Performance in 2016. Retrieved from https://www.stb.gov.sg/news-and-publications/lists/newsroom/dispform.aspx?ID=696. The Color Run. (2017). About Color Run, Retrieved from https://thecolorrun.com/about/. The Color Run. (2017). Promotional Campaign For The Color Run, retrieved from https://liene.kalnina.dk/wp-content/uploads/The-Color-Run.pdf. Woodside. A.G. Martin, D. (2008). Tourism Management: Analysis, Behaviour and Strategy. CABI Publications. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013). Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Goodall, B., Ashworth, G. (Eds.). (2013). Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Asdullah, M. A., Ahmad, R. N., Parveen, Z. (2015). Development and Challenges of Sports Tourism in Pakistan. Development, 9. Pedersen, P. M., Thibault, L. (Eds.). (2014). Contemporary sport management, 5E. Human Kineti

William Graham Sumner Social Darwinism Essay Example For Students

William Graham Sumner Social Darwinism Essay Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism was a late nineteenth-century social theory that was based on the theories of evolution of scientist Charles Darwin. The ideas and behind Social Darwinism came directly from his theories of evolution and, survival of the fittest. The theory was used to explain how the economic growth of America was coming along. This theory also said that economies grew and operated like ecosystems and weeded out the weak and allowed the strong to flourish. The ideas of Social Darwinism were used to explain how the United States economy was so competitive and to justify the elimination of so many less ambitious industries. This was also a way to be able to increase the economys personalization to the consumer and to be able to offer competitive prices and cheaper and better products. The idea of Social Darwinism changed how the people thought of the economy by making it a battlefield instead of a playground. We will write a custom essay on William Graham Sumner Social Darwinism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The way that social Darwinism has changed the views and realities of the economy has allowed it to be able to advance and provide a good, competitive place for people to make money and offer their goods and services. Also, the ideas of Social Darwinism still are around today, especially in the dot-com world. The idea of only the strongest survive, is still a relevant analysis of how todays economy works. The way that the larger, better-funded companies are eliminating the smaller more personalized businesses is the basis behind the Social Darwin theory. In conclusion, the ideas of Social Darwinism were an analysis of how the economy of America works. It summarized how people needed to be stronger, faster and smarter than the competition. Also, it justified the elimination of many weaker industries to make room for the corporate companies to run the economy. Social Darwinism affected the growth of the economy by making everything more competitive and allowing people to want to eliminate their competition, not accommodate them. History Essays

Eharmony Case Study Essay Essays

Eharmony Case Study Essay Essays Eharmony Case Study Essay Paper Eharmony Case Study Essay Paper Question 1:The first general environment that is most relevant to this instance is the demographic section. This section focuses on population size. age construction. geographic distribution. cultural mix. and income distribution. This section is relevant to eHarmony because there chief focal point is to fit their customer’s with possible spouses. They need to take in history the lucifers age. income. ethnicity. and income. In the instance. they discuss how they require clients to reply inquiries about how old they are. where they are from. where they are populating. where they work†¦ etc. They take all this information and lucifer it with another client. The 2nd general environment that is most relevant to this instance is the sociocultural section. This section focuses on the society’s attitude and cultural values. This section is relevant to eHarmony because when they match their customer’s. than they have to take an history what t heir cultural values are and what their attitudes are toward the societal norms. The United States is a runing pot of different civilizations. Some clients are high on civilization and some are non. Demographic section represents an chance for eHarmony because they can spread out their company to other states. The article â€Å"Are You Ignoring Tendencies That Could Shape Up Your Business† made an interesting point that â€Å"ignoring tendencies can give challengers the chance to transform the industry. † If eHarmony does non travel into international markets than they would give Match the advantage of acquiring more clients on their site. eHarmony wants to be on the top. and the lone manner they can make that is by come ining a new market. Sociocultural section represents an chance for eHarmony because clients want to hold spouses that work and have the same cultural values that they have. It is all about being compatible with your spouse. In the article. it talks about how societal tendencies can alter the manner people perceive the universe around them. By demoing clients different lucifers from different states but the same values. can open their eyes to their new life spouse. Question 2:When on-line personal houses entered the market in 1992. they didn’t do good because people thought the desperate usage it. Which caused the on-line personal market to turn really slow. Everything changed in 2005. because people’s mentality changed and found it acceptable to utilize on-line personal site to happen their spouses. Not merely immature people use the site but besides the in-between aged group usage this site. Harmonizing to the article. of the 2. 2 million matrimonies that took topographic point. about 120. 000 of them were because of on-line personals site. It took awhile for the market to accept this new industry to assist people hook up and happen a suited individual to get married. The strengths of the power of providers is that they can increase their monetary values of their merchandises so they can exercise their power over there rivals. Thats what eHarmony is making over their rivals. There are some drivers that drive the bargaining power of providers. which are: ( 1 ) there are few of them. ( 2 ) they purchase a big sum of entire end product from the industry. ( 3 ) merchandises or services they purchase are homogeneous and uniform. ( 4 ) shift costs from one merchandise or service to another are low. and ( 5 ) there is a realistic menace they could backward incorporate into the industry itself. eHarmony does hold service that no other company was able to copy good and be every bit successful as eHarmony. The strength of competition among bing competition is that when a company has a large challenger so they are determined to crush their competition. They would make anything to do certain that their company is on top. The biggest challenger that eHarmony has is Match. eHarmony attempts to give services to their clients that Match can non give. There are some drivers that drive the strength of competition among competition. which are: ( 1 ) there are many rivals of approximately equal size. ( 2 ) the industry has slow or no growing. ( 3 ) issue barriers are high. ( 3 ) existing houses are committed to remaining in the industry. and ( 3 ) there are few bases of competition beyond monetary value. Match and eHarmony are about equal into size and they intend to turn even more. Match is determined to crush eHarmony for the top place in the industry. The two chances that would reshape the industry construction are switching menace of permutation and new bases of competition. Switching menace of permutation is when a replacement becomes more or less baleful because of the progresss in engineering that creates new replacements. New Bases of competition is when amalgamations and acquisitions introduce new ways of viing. or engineering invention can reshape competition. Question 3: eHarmony competitory advantage is that it uses a scientific developed questionnaire based on Dr. Warren’s 29 dimensions. Another advantage is that they are the first online personals site centered around matrimony minded persons. The last advantage is that they are sole on who they allow to utilize the site. The competitory advantage is sustainable because they satisfy the four standards in prolonging competitory advantage. The first standard is valuable capablenesss and they satisfy this standard because the laminitis created this extended questionnaire that he uses to find which individual they are compatible with. The 2nd standards is rare capablenesss and they satisfy this standard because the laminitis has a PhD in psychological science and he did is pattern in matrimony and love. He was the 1 who created the questionnaire and he was the 1 who created the algorithm on how to fit the clients together. No other company was able to copy that. The 3rd standards is dearly-won to copy and they satisfy this standard because no other company was able to make the algorithm that the laminitis was able to make to fit their clients together. The last standard is non substitutable and they met this standard because there is nil that substitutes it. Question 4: I believe that eHarmony should take the last option. which is the rapid geographic enlargement. They should take this option because they want to crush their competition and acquire more clients. They have already got their topographic point in the US market. now its clip to spread out the concern and go planetary. In the instance. it says that in European Union states. online dating is really popular. eHarmony does non recognize that besides the US. there are other states where online dating is popular. The downside of spread outing is that they are non certain how these other states might respond with on-line dating. The states would either accept them or worsen them. They would free a batch of money. Another downside is that they are non certain if their questionnaire and there algorithm would work in other states. They would necessitate to believe about the societal and cultural norms of each state. I did non take the 3rd option. which was that eHarmony wanted to make sites that focused on cardinal life phases such as nuptials. pregnancy- birthrate attention. and elder attention. I feel that eHarmony is known for the lucifer doing topographic point and non known for making life phases. I feel that they should foremost get the hang one side of the company before they start leaping into new industries. Question 5: eHarmony has an effectual strategic leading because Greg Waldrof. the CEO has all the qualities of a degree 5 executive. Mr. Waldroff wanted to do certain that his company is the top company in the lucifer devising industry. He created a questionnaire and a expression on how to construe the consequences. He made certain his staff understood it and used it right. The 2nd ground why eHarmony has an effectual strategic leading is because the leaders of the house made certain that the organisation civilization was kept in tact. Their civilization was to make good lucifers for their clients. The leaders made certain everyone understood that. The last ground why eHarmony has an effectual strategic leading is because of their ethical patterns. In eHarmony. they screen their clients before they can make a profile and purchase the bundles. They don’t allow married clients on the site because they want their clients to experience that the people on this site are looking for matrimony.

HOW MIGHT DEVELOPING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH Essay - 1

HOW MIGHT DEVELOPING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES - Essay Example Growing cultural diversity in UK involving both healthcare practitioners and clients has however triggered significant desirability for change towards cultural competence within the country’s healthcare system. This paper discusses how developing of cultural competence based on the Papadopoulos et al. may improve mental health care services in UK. Papadopoulos et al. (1998) provides a cultural competence model capable of facilitating effective implementation cultural competence within the UK health care system. The cultural competence model developed by Papadopoulos et al. (1998) entails five constructs including cultural awareness, knowledge on the clients’ culture, and development of cultural skills, cultural encounters and culture desire. The five constructs are perceived as central to healthcare practitioners’ ability to deliver care within patient’s cultural context. The model recognizes the role of culture in influencing patients’ way of thinking and perception about their health problems. The cultural competence model is viewed as an ongoing process that involves integration of the five cultural competence constructs to enable health practitioners achieve the ability to deliver health care services within patients’ cultural context (Campinha-Bacote 2002). The model emphasizes on the n eed for health care practitioners to appreciate cultural diversity in the process of providing care to their patients or clients. Culturally competent services emerge as essential to improve the general health care system through recognition, incorporation, practicing and valuing cultural diversity the delivery of health care services. The cultural competence model focuses on ensuring quality services for culturally diverse populations, including provision of culturally appropriate interventions. According to Lightburn and Sessions (2005), culture significantly determines whether or when an individual seeks help, the kind of help and from

Pyschological and Sociological Theoretical Explanations of Suicide Essay

Pyschological and Sociological Theoretical Explanations of Suicide - Essay Example The hopelessness theory also well defines the psychological aspect of suicide which, according to Beck’s concept of cognitive triad, makes a person think negatively about himself, his future and the world around him (1979). Emile Durkheim gave the sociological theoretical explanation of suicide (Pickering, Walford & British Centre for Durkheimian Studies, 2000). According to him, there are four kinds of suicide that result from discrepancies in a person’s ties with the society (Craighead & Nemeroff, 2002, p.1653). Altruistic suicides are those suicides that have to be committed in order to please the society, like satti in India. Egoistic suicide results from weak or too few ties with the society. Anomic suicide occurs when the ties with the society get a setback all at once, like the death of a friend. Fatalistic suicides result from excessive regulation of a person in society, like slaves and prisoners. Thus, society makes a person act in a certain way which, at times, can lead to suicide. This sociological explanation of Durkheim is still accepted by all

Corporate Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Crime - Essay Example They have often been identified as restructuring the economy and their shareholders and the political institutions of a country. Therefore, it is crystal clear that the corporate firms control the important sectors of a country and as such, any change or issues affecting the corporate companies will certainly distress public life. Considering this context, the study of corporate crimes has an elite role in determining the dominant factors that channelize human life. What is Corporate Crime? When one attempts a study on the topic; Corporate Crimes, one has to keep in mind the fact that it is topic which needs a broad research and a systematic study. Even a mere observation will unveil various types of corporate crimes which really makes the study extensive. As the study is extensive, many have attempted to define corporate crime. Sally S. Simpson (p.6.) of University of Maryland, in Corporate Crime, Law and Social Control, identifies â€Å"corporate crime is [as] a type of white-coll ar crime.† Simpson also acknowledges Edwin Sutherland who regarded corporate crime as the â€Å"criminal activity by persons of high social status and respectability who use their occupational position as a means to violate the law† (Sutherland, 1949). ... Corporate crimes have been identified as the deliberate attempt of the companies aimed to injure the public more than street crimes in many ways: economically, socially, physically and environmentally (Corporate crime). But the notable thing regarding corporate crimes is that these criminal violations come under civil and administrative law, and as such, penalties include fines but not imprisonment. Various industries have formed and implemented their own laws and they control their employees by themselves. Corporate crimes are many and varied that one can find it negatively affecting the proper growth of a corporate firm. As it is committed by individuals for their personal gain corporate crimes may cause great loss for the employers. Many have identified the most common form of white collar crime as the employee steals from the employer who cheats customers and pockets the difference. An overview of the corporate crime reveals three types of crimes namely; corporate violence, econo mic corporate crimes and white collar crimes (Corporate crime). Corporate crime involves various kinds of crimes. Corporate violence includes three types of crimes such as, violence against workers, violence against consumers and corporate pollution. This is quite alarming to note that â€Å"6 million workers injured on the job in the US and 10,000 people die in the workplace from injuries and 10,000 from long term effects of occupational diseases† (Corporate crime). Violence against workers is irresponsibility of the corporate executives in arranging occupational health and safety standards which are inevitable for assuring the life security of the workers. Deaths of thousands of workers as an after effect of such kind of reckless

Report on Himalaya herbal healthcare

Report on Himalaya herbal healthcare The global medical industry is one of the worlds fastest growing industries, absorbing over 10% of gross domestic product of most developed nations. It constitutes of broad services offered by various hospitals, physicians, nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies and ably supported by drugs, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, medical equipment, manufacturers and suppliers. The medical and health care industry provides enormous employment opportunities to choose from. Apart from using the services of medical professionals, this industry also utilizes the expert services of public policy workers, medical writers, clinical research lab workers, IT professionals, sales/marketing professionals and health insurance providers. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY The United States of America has one of the largest medical and healthcare industries in the world, followed by Switzerland and Germany. The USAs medical industry comprises of more than 750,000 physicians and 5,200 hospitals. USA witnesses approximately 3.8 million inpatient visits and 20 million outpatients visit on a daily basis. Furthermore, the United States of America has the largest workforce i.e. one in every 11 US residents employed in the health care business. The Global prescription drug market was $550 billion in the year 2006. Also, the total health care expenditures across the world were $4.5 trillion last year. Of which, US solely account for $ 2.2 trillion, $ 2 trillion in OECD countries and remaining $ 0.3 in other countries of the world. MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE INDUSTRY The global medical industry is highly fragmented, comprising of various ancillary sectors namely medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceutical, healthcare services, biotechnology, and alternative medicines sectors. Medical Equipment and Supplies: It consists of various establishments or units engaged in designing, manufacturing, selling and distributing of surgical and medical instruments, ophthalmic, lab apparatus, electro medical, dental, irradiation, surgical appliances and supplies. Pharmaceutical Industry It consists of several establishments involved in developing, researching, marketing and distributing drugs or medicines. Globally, the market share of pharmaceutical industry is US $340 billion. The global pharmaceutical sales account for US$ 602 billion, with an annual growth rate of 7%. Healthcare Services Industry It includes various establishments dealing in different type of services like testing, outsourcing, compliance, chemical analysis, transcription, quality assurance, validation, and other types of services. The global market share of biotechnology services industry is worth US $ 50 billion, which is soon expected to witness a hike in coming years. Presently, pharmaceutical testing service industry values to US $ 5.9 billion, which is predicted to reach US $ 9.5 billion by the end of 2009. Microbiological testing service industry accounts for US $ 2.4 billion. Globally, the medical outsourcing services industry accounts for approximately US $ 200 billion. Biotechnology Industry It is one of the most research-intensive segments of the global healthcare industry. Biotechnology industry is composed of many establishments, which are engaged in making wide variety of biotech products. Biotechnology is primarily being used by the pharmaceutical industry but there are other industries like agriculture, mining, waste treatment industries as well, which are making continuous use of biotechnology. Biotechnology companies focus on developing methods or products used for preventing, diagnosing and treating dozens of life threatening and chronic diseases. The biotechnology industry has mushroomed since its inception and at present it is equivalent to US $ 50.7 billion. China, USA, India, Australia, and France are the market leaders of biotech products in the world. Alternative Medication Industry It consists of various groups involved in the promotion of different forms of alternative medications and therapies like ayurveda, homeopathy, aromatherapy, massage therapy etc. The total market size of alternative medicine is valued at US $2.7 billion while global market for traditional therapies accounts for US $60 billion. Dietary Supplements Industry As per the Office of Dietary Supplements, consumers in the USA spent $20.3 billion on dietary supplements in 2004. This comprises of vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids, whole foods, nutraceuticals, etc, the USFDA regulates dietary supplements differently than the conventional foods and drug products. Regulated by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), the manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the safety of dietary supplements before they are marketed. The industry derives much of its demand from growing health awareness, ageing population, consumer spending, and nutrition trends. Bringing out innovative products, effective merchandising and competitive pricing determines the manufacturers profitability. Supplements are sold via supermarkets, drugstores, Internet, mail orders, health food stores, and by direct sellers. KEY GROWTH DRIVERS OF THIS INDUSTRY There are various factors, which govern the growth of the medical and healthcare industry. Some of the key factors are: Continuous investments in research development has resulted in increased productivity and better quality of drugs, medicines, medical instruments, hospital equipment, and other medical supplies used in medical industry. Provides employment to large chunk of human population. United States of America has the largest workforce i.e. one in every 11 US residents employed in the health care business. Increased costs in the medical treatment in the developed nations have driven patients to migrate to Asian countries. Rise in ailments among the ageing population especially in developed nations has led to the increase in demand of variety of drugs or medicines. Innovative techniques of drug discovery and drug development, new cures and treatments, gene testing for insurance, genetic predictions of disease and related issue, human cloning and reproductive technologies are the other key drivers of the medical industry. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF THE INDUSTRY The future perspective of medical industry seems to be immensely bright and encouraging for this industry in terms of the expected surge in global demand and upsurge in investments. Several trends such as globalization, continuous investments in research and development, newer techniques of drug development and discovery, product proliferation, mergers and acquisitions are the key drivers of this industry. Increasing corporatization of Private Healthcare in the backdrop of a growing and affluent middle class is an emerging trend that has been pushing the growth of this industry. Health Insurance and Medical Tourism are the other significant trends, which are governing the global healthcare and medical industry. Most of the nations are now emphasizing on the accreditation of medical professionals so as to ensure legitimacy of the services provided by them. Robust advancement in the field of information technology will allow critical medical data to be processed and transferred quickly over larger distances, thereby saving time of both the patients and physicians in the speeding delivery of treatment. WELCOME TO INDIA! Indian Herbal Industry The Indian herbal market is sharply rising, expecting to hit the INR 14500 crore mark with exports reaching INR 9000 crore by the year 2012. The herbal market has a CAGR of around 25%. India is followed by China as the largest producer of medicinal plants having more than 40 per cent global diversity. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has projected that the global herbal market will grow to USD 5 trillion by 2050. According to a study on Herbal Industry Biz Potential, currently, the Indian herbal market is worth Rs 7000 crore (USD 1.7 billion) and India exports herbal raw materials and medicines worth over Rs 3600 crore (USD 902 million) THE AYURVEDIC MEDICINE INDUSTRY IN INDIA Ayurvedic medicines are produced by several thousand companies in India, but most of them are quite small, including numerous neighborhood pharmacies that compound ingredients to make their own remedies. It is estimated that the total value of products from the entire Ayurvedic production in India is on the order of one billion dollars (U.S). The industry has been dominated by less than a adozen major companies for decades, joined recently by a few others that have followed their lead, so that there are today 30 companies doing a million dollars or more per year in business to meet the growing demand for Ayurvedic medicine. The products of these companies are included within the broad category of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG; which mainly involves foods, beverages, toiletries, cigarettes, etc.). Most of the larger Ayurvedic medicine suppliers provide materials other than Ayurvedic internal medicines, particularly in the areas of foods and toiletries (soap, toothpaste, shampoo, etc.), where there may be some overlap with Ayurveda, such as having traditional herbal ingredients in the composition of toiletries. The Ayurveda industry is dominated by Dabur, Baidyanath and Zandu, which hold nearly 85% share of the market. Dabur India Ltd. Leads the Ayurveda market as Indias largest supplier and the fourth largest of FMCG products. Daburs Ayurvedic Specialities Division offers a range of medicines ranging from common cold to chronic paralysis. However, this is only 7% of Daburs total revenue. The famous Chyavanprash from Dabur, owns 70% of the market while the Digestive Hajmola tablets has an 88% share. Damburs Amla Hair Oil, Vatika Shampoo and Tooth powder occupy a major chunk of the marketplace. Kolkata based, Sri Baidyanath Ayurvedic Bhawan Ltd. Is a specialist in Ayurvedic Products and has recently ventured into FMCG markets Its forte was in its internationally marketed Shikakai (Soap) and range of cosmetic products. Baidyanath has more than 750 products in its Ayurvedic portfolio pulling a sales volume of over 350 million dollars. Similar to the product basket of Dabur, Baidyanath is into massage oils, Chyavanprash and patented Ayurvedic products. Mumbai Based, Zandu Pharmaceutical Works, focused largely on Ayurveda based products. In its 45 million dollars turnover, Zandu drives its entire sales from its chemicals and cosmetic division. In 1934, Bangalore witnessed the birth of The Himalaya Drug Company. With over 500 million dollars of net worth, Himalaya has expanded and engraved a footprint into the US soil. Some of its offerings such as the Liv-52 capsules, introduced in India in 1955, are marketed as a liver protector and therapy for liver diseases like viral hepatitis. Charak Pharmaceuticals, producer of liquids, tablets, and veterinary products has constantly grown in market share with its newest introduction of the product Evanova, a concoction of 33 herbs and minerals and non-hormonal active ingredients used as a menopause treatment alternative to HRT. Containing a good amount of Soya content, Evanova contains herbs like elective estrogen receptor modulators as well as asparagus root (shatavari), which diminishes the regularity and intensity of hot flashes. The age old Vicco Laboratories incorporated nearly 60 years ago, primarily produces Ayurveda based topical therapies. Its evergreen, Vicco Vajradanti, has enhanced its foothold, not only in India but in the US markets too. The newest entrant in the segment, The Emami Group, provides a diverse range of cosmetic and Ayurvedic products. Emamis, Himani line of Ayurvedic products occupies only 110 million dollars of the turnover of the group. Similar to its competitors, Emami deals with products such as Chyavanprash and herbal oils. Aimil Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Excells in the manufacture and selling of generic and proprietory Ayurveda based medicines. With a meager 20 million dollars of business, its Ayurvedic range comprises of therapeutic products which had received the National Award for Quality Herbal Preparations and National Award for R D. Aimil is well known for its proprietary formulae for hepatitis, diabetes, menstrual disorders, digestive disorders, and urinary diseases. The herbal honey, Chyavanprash dominates the Indian market with 69% market share. Dabur leads the Amla based Chyavanprash product market with Baidyanath, at 11%, and Zandu and Himani (Emami Group) with about 7.5% each. An assortment of stand-alone herbs, traditional formulae, coupled with proprietary medicines make up the herbal Indian market> there is also a huge section comprising of the massage oils, shampoos, skin creams and other tropical products. Himalaya Drug Company and Universal Medicaments (UM) in Nagpur, lead the market for such traditional medicines. UM has a JV for production and RD of herbal based products, with Cipla Ltd. and Lupin Ltd. UM is exports both pharma based medicines as well as herbal medicines. STATUS OF AYURVEDA IN INDIA The governments of India and NGOs in India have been collecting data on the Ayurvedic system in India pertaining to the manpower and institutional aspects of Ayurveda which has emerged over the years. 60% of Indian physicians deal with non-allopathic systems of medicines. There are 4 lakh Ayurvedic practitioners, while over 1.7 Lakh doctors dealing in Homeopathy. Even though India has over 500,000 medical doctors, similar to that of US, India addresses nearly 4 times the number of patients as compared to the US. Even with the illustration of Universal Medicaments Pvt. Ltd., we can see the depth of product offerings with a herbal base. Some of the formulations developed by them are Karnim (Anti-diabetic supplement), Herbokam (Anti-stress formula), Chetak (Stimulant), Tonabilin (Iron supplement), Minitone, U-Gyanetone, and Unicough Syrup. With over 15 main stream proprietary products, they are gradually moving away from traditional Ayurveda and adopting newer forms to suit existing trends. Colorado based, Maharishi Ayurveda Products International is the largest supplier of Ayurveda based herbal products to the US and other western countries. Despite the popularity of the teachings of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and his teaching of transcendental meditation, the company holds a meager market share and a limited staff. The Maharishi has adopted a typical Pharmaceutical company approach where Doctors are attracted by their products and thus, become representatives to spread the message regarding their products. Due to the age old perception in western worlds that traditional medicines cannot be promoted or accepted with ease, there is an increased focus on individual herbs such as the Indian Ashwagandha. Comparing the product with ginseng, which has been the best selling medicinal herb in the international markets, it has earned the name of the Indian ginseng Earlier, the greatest promoted basil from Ayurveda was Centella asiatica, a variety of Brahmi. The herb contained two other non- Ayurvedic herbs with which it gained immense importance and was promoted extensively as an energizer and a tonic for brain related issues. However, a Chinese herb has taken its place due to confusion about its source. On the contrary, there are bitter past experiences for many westerners when they make a trip to India which indicates that the problems exist primarily in the source country. Contamination issues and quality control from heavy metals, pesticides and other materials has become an increasing concern among Ayurvedic factories. Yet a few large ones have managed to invest in testing facilities and quality issues. The Story Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala, an Ayurvedic Medical Center Kottackal Arya Vaidya Sala which was founded in 1902 by Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier is today one of Indias morst revered ayurvedic institutions. It offers Ayurvedic medicines and treatments to seekers all over India. It is a charitable institution offering medicines and treatment. The Arya Vaidya Sala also manages one Ayurvedic Hospital at Kottakkal in Kerala and at Delhi. It also cultivates medicinal plants and manufactures medicines along with conducting research programmes and publishing various literature on Ayurveda. They also run a Kathakali Academy. The founders studied this traditional medicine under the classical Gurukul system. They also acquired proficiency in the practice of Allopathy. In 1933, in recognition of his valuable services to humanity, Sri P. S. Varier was conferred the distinguished title of Vaidyaratna by His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General of India. Left: Some of the 500 Ayurvedic formulas developed by Arya Vaidya Sala; Right: Home of S. Varier, the organizations founder. Sri Varier, called the Savior of Ayurveda in the South passed away in 1944. He had executed a will prior to his demise, which converted his proprietary into a charitable trust, as per the provisions of its founders will Arya Vaidya Sala functions as a charitable trust. Ayurvedic Natural Health Center, Goa, India Todays Ayurvedic health care services aspires to cater to tourist from across the world. Although herb products can be taken everywhere, the services of Ayurveda are epitomized by the week-long Panch Karma regimen which are obtained by staying at a special clinic. The Ayurvedic Natural Health Care Center is a group of sites in Goa where people can visit for two weeks to experience a wide range of therapies. The Ayurvedic system is particularly focused on cleansing and detoxifying approaches and uses numerous methods for promoting elimination and relaxation this involves the application of medicated oils and herbs. This center was established only a few years ago by Dr. Gopala Krishinan Valiyaveetil. He belongs to a family specializing in Ayurveda and he has obtained his grounding in Ayurveda from his parents. BREAKING OUT OF THE SLUMBER- AWAKENING INDIA India holds centuries old treasure of well practiced and well recorded wisdom of traditional medicine The basic requirements for gaining entry into the rest of the world include well-documented traditional use of single-plant medicines, Medicinal plants free from pesticides and heavy metals. Herbal drug development is possible only through the enlargement of standardized natural products. The health care systems are going to become more and more expensive hence we have to develop methodologies to essentially introduce and integrate herbal medicine system in mainstream health care. There is a huge scope for India also to emerge as a leading player in the global herbal product based medicine. Drugs manufactured in accordance with principles of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani can reach new horizons. The need is to make them the best in the world by maintaining their quality and efficacy. There is nothing to stop ayurveda and herbal sciences from competing with the modern medicine with its virtues added advantages, fewer side effects and lower costs. THE INDIAN HEALTHCARE MARKET India Spends US $ 22.7 Billion On Healthcare HEALTHCARE MARKET (2005 VS 2025) Healthcare is the third largest growth segment in India THE CURRENT STATUS OF HEALTHCARE Out of pocket semi-urban and rural expenses higher than Urban DRIVERS OF GROWTH Increasing health awareness, Increasing spends on health Health Insurance penetration Increasing disease burden lifestyle diseases Awareness of healthcare and preventive care Employer provided healthcare Community based health plans INDIA PREFERS PRIVATE PROVIDERS Private expenditure as % of total expenditure on health : 82.7 (2004) MAJOR PLAYERS Healthcare services is highly unorganised segment in India ABOUT HIMALAYA The Himalaya Drug Company was founded in 1930 by Mr. M. Manal with a clear vision to bring Ayurveda to society in a contemporary form and to unravel the mystery behind the 5000 year old system of medicine. The Himalaya Drug Company is a leader in the Indian phyto-pharmaceutical (Ayurvedic) products ever since its founder M Manal, while visiting Burma in 1930, discovered how elephants were pacified and developed the worlds first anti-hypertensive drug, Serpina. It offers a wide range of pharmaceutical, personal care, consumer and animal health products. Over 300,000 doctors around the globe have endorsed Himalayas products and consumers in over 70 countries rely on Himalaya for their health and personal care needs. The company has pioneered the use of modern science to rediscover and validate the secrets of Ayurveda, the centuries-old Indian system of medicine. It employs cutting edge-technology to create pharmaceutical-grade ayurvedic products. Himalaya is dedicated to providing the highest quality and consistency in herbal care products and the company was also awarded the ISO 9001-2000 certification in 2003. Himalaya has always focused on developing safe, natural and innovative remedies that will help people live safe and healthier lives. Himalayas history is one of innovation through research. The company believes that ideal healthcare system lies in the synergy in between ayurveda and modern science. Himalayas constant endeavour is to create innovative products that satisfy the health and personal care requirements of contemporary living. VISION To bring Ayurveda the source of natural medication, to the society in a modern-day form and to untangle the mystery behind the 5000 year old system of medicine. MISSION Establish Himalaya as a science based, problem solving holistic brand with its source entrenched in the ancestry of nature and characterized by trust and healthy lives. Not just consider the local markets but also broaden their horizons across regions (worldwide) with a long term in-depth approach, by adopting the highest ethical standards at each step. Value, consider and utilize the inputs of all the stakeholders of the Himalaya family to garner the seed to shelf policy. The focus is on adopting eco friendly practices to support the environment that we live in. The employees are expected to support the Himalayan promise of exceeding consumer expectations each and every time. PRODUCT SERVICES Himalayas products can be broadly classified into 3 main ranges viz. Healthcare Health maintenance, eye care, skin care, cardiac care, immune booster and cough control Personal Care Health care, oral care, hair care, skin care and baby care Animal Health Daily care products for sensitive cats and dogs Each of the products under the categories mentioned above are ayurvedic and have no side effects after use. Constant innovation has been the mantra of the management at Himalaya. Himalaya has had some exceptional innovative products in its product offerings that has helped it grow in stature. Some of the most successful innovations that have helped Himalaya become the leaders in Herbal Healthcare are as follows; Serpina Derived from the plant serpentina. It was a natural tranquiliser with anti-hypersensitive properties. Was the world first natural hypersensitive medicine launched in 1930. Liv. 52 An apt example of innovation at Himalaya. The RD department was given the job to come up with a natural remedy that improved liver function as that was the main concern of people then in 1950. The team came up with a natural medicine that became the hallmark of innovation. Today, 1 billion tablets and 13 million syrup bottles of Liv. 52 are sold annually across the globe. Bonnisan A sweet tasting natural paediatric digestive tonic introduced in 1972. Soon after launch it became the leading brand in its category and today is Indias number 1 paediatric digestive product. On further research in Malaysia, Bonnisan also helped cure the long standing asthama problems in several preteens. Reosto A unique herbomineral preparation that slows bone loss and strengthens bone. The plant hormones that are present present in Resto influences the bone formation and also minimizes the risk of fracture cased by osteoporosis. Menosan It is an ideal alternative to Hormone Replacement Therapy. Menosan helps women during the menopausal and post menopausal stages. The plant derived hormones i.e. phytoestrogens are completely risk free and help women cope with the menopausal discomforts and mood swings. PureHands A herbal sanitizer that kills 99.9% of the germs and prevents infection. The germicidal action on Neem, freshness of lemon and softening action of hrivera has helped this product gain acceptance in the market. Himplasia A product that was launched in 2002 to help aged men deal with the prostrate problems. This is a natural product with no side effects and men could start taking this medicine early and hence restrict the growth of the prostrate. Hair Loss Cream This product helps reduce hair loss, stimulate hair growth, increase hair thickness and improve tensile strength of hair. The regular use of this product lead to a 20% reduction in hair loss in just 2 weeks. In their effort to do something good for the society, Himalaya has also forayed into many community services and corporate citizenship programs, which are a part of their corporate social responsibility. This has been broadly classified into Health, Education, Community and Environment. Himalaya has constantly been investing in Training, Education and community welfare projects. They have taken the global cultivation practices, contract cultivation techniques and rain water harvesting techniques to the farmers. Partnerships with companies like Shristhi Special Academy (NGO) and IDEI has helped them walk an extra mile towards community services. GLOBAL PRESENCE Himalaya has grown from being an Indian Ayrvedic brand to a global player with its products being well accepted in more than 70 countries. It has a sound base in USA, Middle East, Europe and Asia and has been diversifying its base rapidly. Himalaya went onto instituting a global company in the name of Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd. which is a parent company of the Himalaya Drug Company worldwide. The company has its offices strategically located in 7 regions through which they reach across to 71 countries. One of the offices in Bangalore (India) extensively looks into the pharmaceutical operations for India, Russia and Asia Pacific while another office in Bangalore looks into only the consumer products. They have their other offices in: Europe Latvia, Middle East Dubai which also caters to the South African region U.S.A. Texas Houston which caters to USA, Canada, Mexico, South America and the Caribbean Singapore This office caters to East Asia and South Pacific Johannesburg This office caters predominantly to South Africa HIMALAYA NEW INITIATIVES Himalaya has come up with State of the art Retail Outlets that cater to only Himalaya Products. This is a strategy adopted by Himalaya to entice customers to buy more Himalaya products. This chain of exclusive Himalaya stores is a retail strategy adopted by the company to increase the accessibility, visibility and enhance the consumer shopping experience. In the fiscal year 2006, Himalaya has 92 exclusive retail stores and the number has been increasing ever since. These retail stores also act as crucial information centers where the customer queries are answered by trained managers. Also, these outlets are electronically linked to a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Cell, which is assisted by a team of medical doctors who respond to specific customer health queries. Customer Interaction Management Himalaya outsourced the entire integration project to a company called Talisman. CIM has helped Himalaya respond to the queries from the customers, doctors and distributors. The main advantage of outsourcing CIM was that they got the module up and running in 2 weeks. Hence, all the queries were catered to and the expertise of Talisman helped them build and strong and fool proof CIM. Also, the work load has been reduced as the primary scanning is done by customer service representatives of Talisman and then the calls / emails are forwarded to the in-house people. SWOT HIMALAYA Strengths Weakness Large Product Profile Presence across the globe with strong brand value Great control over the supply chain across the various countries Certifications from US Food and Drug Administration for Research and Development First company to develop 100% herbal Child Care Products. Very few suppliers for the botanical materials Lack of proper infrastructure to transport and stock the botanical raw materials Technology is older / outdated Share of India in the World Pharmaceutical Production is 1.2% which is quite low as compared to the Population which is 16.1% of world population. Opportunities Threats In international market there is high growth potential Growing demand for Ayurveda and Herbal products Unorganised rural markets with low penetration of herbal medicines Increasing use of OTC products Addition of newer markets due to globalisation High degree of competition among existing players High manufacturing and processing costs Substitutes from alternative therapies Shift from process to product patents Higher entry costs in newer markets High competition from generic products Few discoveries with high costs on RD INNOVATION THEORIES HIMALAYA The times for students of innovations have never been better more promising or more challenging. Every speech after speech at AGMs and business schools world over the word Innovation is ubiquitous. A critical goal is to apply innovation concepts to real time issues. Competitive advantage is gained and maintained through innovation. Innovations may not even have to be break through. Innovation is a change in the thought process of doing something or it is the useful application of new inventions or discoveries. Innovation can be defined as the application of knowledge to create additional value and wealth. Effective innovation is achieved by applying existing knowledge in new and different ways. Innovation can involve significant disruptive change to business and economic structures, or alternatively it can be a process of continuous and incremental business development. But what innovations really are is the truth that Innovations bring about change in the way we live life. An invention may be the creation of something that the world has never seen before but an Innovation is what helps commercialise and metamorphose that invention to become a widely used benefit

Dimmesdales Guilt and Internal Struggle in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s greatest fear is that the townspeople will find out about his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale fears that his soul could not take the shame of such a disclosure, as he is an important moral figure in society. However, in not confessing his sin to the public, he suffers through the guilt of his sin, a pain which is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth. Though he consistently chooses guilt over shame, Mr. Dimmesdale goes through a much more painful experience than Hester, who endured the public shame of the scarlet letter. Mr. Dimmesdale’s guilt is much more damaging to his soul than any shame that he might have endured. When the reader first meets Roger Chillingworth standing watching Hester on the scaffold, he says that he wishes the father could be on the scaffold with her. â€Å"‘It irks me, nevertheless, that the partner of her iniquity should not, at least, stand on the scaffold by her side† (46). At this point, Chillingworth wishes that Mr. Dimmesdale was also receiving the sort of shame Hester is being put through. Throughout the first few chapters of the novel, however, Chillingworth’s motives become more and more malicious. By the time Chillingworth meets Hester in her prison cell, he has decided to go after Mr. Dimmesdale’s soul. Chillingworth turns to this goal because Mr. Dimmesdale did not endure Hester’s shame on the scaffold. Had Mr. Dimmesdale chosen to reveal himself at the time of Hester’s shame, he would not have had to endure the pain of Roger Chillingworth’s tortures of his soul. When Mr. Dimmesdale finally confesses to the townspeople in the last hour of his life, he reveals what many saw to be a red A on his chest. Whether the letter was carved by him in an act of self-mutilation, if it was merely a figment of his guilt-ridden imagination, of if it was indeed created by Chillingworth’s torture, it is a symbol of the guilt that Mr. Dimmesdale endured. While it may seem like a poor mockery of Hester’s letter, which was visible to everyone, Mr. Dimmesdale’s caused him much more pain than Hester’s caused her. Over time, Hester’s letter came to be accepted by the townspeople, and once Hester had been accepted there was discussion of allowing her to remove it. In contrast, Mr. Dimmesdale’s letter was not visible to the public, though it caused him much pain. Dimmesdale's Guilt and Internal Struggle in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s greatest fear is that the townspeople will find out about his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale fears that his soul could not take the shame of such a disclosure, as he is an important moral figure in society. However, in not confessing his sin to the public, he suffers through the guilt of his sin, a pain which is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth. Though he consistently chooses guilt over shame, Mr. Dimmesdale goes through a much more painful experience than Hester, who endured the public shame of the scarlet letter. Mr. Dimmesdale’s guilt is much more damaging to his soul than any shame that he might have endured. When the reader first meets Roger Chillingworth standing watching Hester on the scaffold, he says that he wishes the father could be on the scaffold with her. â€Å"‘It irks me, nevertheless, that the partner of her iniquity should not, at least, stand on the scaffold by her side† (46). At this point, Chillingworth wishes that Mr. Dimmesdale was also receiving the sort of shame Hester is being put through. Throughout the first few chapters of the novel, however, Chillingworth’s motives become more and more malicious. By the time Chillingworth meets Hester in her prison cell, he has decided to go after Mr. Dimmesdale’s soul. Chillingworth turns to this goal because Mr. Dimmesdale did not endure Hester’s shame on the scaffold. Had Mr. Dimmesdale chosen to reveal himself at the time of Hester’s shame, he would not have had to endure the pain of Roger Chillingworth’s tortures of his soul. When Mr. Dimmesdale finally confesses to the townspeople in the last hour of his life, he reveals what many saw to be a red A on his chest. Whether the letter was carved by him in an act of self-mutilation, if it was merely a figment of his guilt-ridden imagination, of if it was indeed created by Chillingworth’s torture, it is a symbol of the guilt that Mr. Dimmesdale endured. While it may seem like a poor mockery of Hester’s letter, which was visible to everyone, Mr. Dimmesdale’s caused him much more pain than Hester’s caused her. Over time, Hester’s letter came to be accepted by the townspeople, and once Hester had been accepted there was discussion of allowing her to remove it. In contrast, Mr. Dimmesdale’s letter was not visible to the public, though it caused him much pain.

Marketing Debate

Is Consumer Behavior More a Function of a Person’s Age or Generation? MKT 6661 Strategic Marketing Management Troy University Introduction A heavily debated issue between marketers is what drives consumer behavior? There are two noted positions in this debate, one that believes that age differences are the deciding factors of a consumer’s wants and needs and others make the case that cohort and generation effects are better suited to uncover the consumer’s desires. Marketers have a major responsibility to identify and reach out to the marketplace and find out what influences an individual’s purchasing decisions.Rather these decisions can be sorted based on a group of individuals shared experiences or by simply bunching these individuals into their respective generations but a system has to be in place to provide insight to what is the best way to channel into the consumer’s buying methods. So what’s all the Fuss About? The question that we ar e trying to answer is, is consumer behavior more a function of a person’s age or generation? There has been inclusive research on the driving forces of what drives consumer choice.A pattern has been discovered that people who make similar purchases may also share other specific social-economical similarities. This gives way that there is some background to be learned about these purchasing groups. Cohorts, or Aged-Based Marketing, tend to share a significant number of experiences, goals, and values. (Bidwell 2009) The main principle behind a cohort is that individuals make purchasing decisions based on events that they experienced through their lives, such as their childhood, adolescents, early adulthood and so forth.These events, called defining moments, influence attitudes, preferences, values, and buying behaviors, and these attitudes, values, and buying-behavior motivations for each cohort remain virtually the same throughout their lives. (Bidwell 2009) In contrast to coh orts, on the other side of the debate, the method of evaluating consumer behavior by placing consumers in a group of individuals born and living about the same time. This is the practice of multi-generation marketing. Each generation has unique expectations, experiences, lifestyles, values, and demographics that influence their buying behaviors.Multi-Generational marketing has a broader platform in which individual consumers are placed. Some specifics of these two marketing segments can draw some contrast between the two. To use the cohort model most effective there must be a combination of people’s ages and information about their particular life stages. Some examples of different life stages are empty nesters, retirees, young families, and your careerist. (Bidwell 2009) Most consumers’ life stages are fairly predictable so it provides for their purchasing habits to be predictable.There can be contrast amongst different cohorts as well, depending on the unique events that an individual shared with others in the same cohort. According to Charles D. Schewe, a professor of marketing at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and consultant to numerous companies, there are seven American cohorts. The first cohort being the Great Depression cohort, born between the years of 1912 and 1921 and represent approximately seven percent of the U. S. population, secondly is the World War II cohort born between the years of 1922-1927 and represent about five percent of the U.S. population, the third cohort is known as the post WWII cohort, this group was born between the years of 1928-1945 and represent about twenty three percent of the U. S. population, next are the Baby Boomers I and Baby Boomers II cohorts, they represent together about forty three percent of the U. S. population and were born between the years of 1946 to 1964, the sixth cohort are the Generation X’ers who were born between the years of 1966 and 1976 and make up approximately twen ty two percent of the U. S. opulation, and lastly there are the N-Gens, born from 1977-1987, and make up twelve percent of the U. S. adult population. ( Bidwell 2009) Though these cohorts span over a number of years they are all linked by a series of events that follow a chronological order. Even though a cohort places consumers in segments based on lifestyles but the time in which these events occurred can have drastic effect on their purchasing choices. Looking at the metrics of generational marketing on surface can resemble age-based marketing very closely.This is not an intentional consequence to be vague in practice or by definition but help narrow the message down that the marketer is trying to relay. Take a look this table that depicts the six U. S. Generations. Generation| Date of Birth| Number| Age (in 2010)| Pre-Depression| Before 1930| 12 MM| 81 and above| Depression| 1930-1945| 28 MM| 65-80| Baby Boom| 1946-1964| 80 MM| 46-64| Generation X| 1965-1976| 45 MM| 34-45| Gener ation Y| 1977-1994| 71 MM| 16-33| Generation Z| After 1994| 29 MM| Less than 16| (Marketing to the Generations 2010)Looking at the table, generation analysis and Cohort effects follow a very similar chronological order and demographics but generation analysis is a much broader form of marketing intelligence. At best we have put a group of consumers at the same place at the same time using this method. By knowing the generation the consumer was born it does help the marketer pin point the most effective way to communicate with the consumer taking a macro overlook of the consumer. Based on what generation a consumer was born in gives insight of how techno savvy or financially conservative, education level the consumer received.Conclusion As I really think about the original question and look for the answer it seems to me that these two methods work in tandem with each other. The bigger picture is understanding the holistic approach to getting your message across the consumer. Cohort i s a much more defined process, in that it outlays the needs of the consumer at different times in their lives but knowing the generation that the consumer helps to point the marketer in the right direction when extrapolating data from individual.Undoubtedly to me both are instrumental in a effective and efficient marketing information system References Bidwell. 25 March 2009 Cohorts: Age-Based Marketing. http://www. bidwellid. com/resources/white_papers/Bidwell_ID_Cohorts. pdf Williams, K; Page,R 2010 Marketing to the Generations http://www. aabri. com/manuscripts/10575. pdf Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. (2012). In K. Keller, & P. Kotler 14th ed, Marketing Management

Does the End Justify the Means? Essay

The ‘end justify the means’ is a philosophical maxim popularized by Niccolo Machiavelli during the renaissance era. This maxim is supposed to justify the actions of a leader or what Machiavelli calls ‘the Prince’, to do whatever is in his power in so far as the ‘end/s’ justifies the ‘means’ of attaining it. Machiavelli highlighted that the ‘end’ that a ‘Prince’ or a leader should focus on is the maintenance of his regime, authority or power. This theory is often mistaken as a standard principle usually by a few who rules a group of people, a community or a nation. They always believe that what they are doing redounds to the benefit of the majority. This few will not accept that what they have done is evil even if it produced good results for many people. History will tell us that many events in the past have gained favorable comments from some individuals but different from the point of view of the majority. Take the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing by the American forces during the war to weaken the morale of the invading Japanese forces in the Far East, which resulted to a lifetime tragic memory for thousands of Japanese victims (Walzer, 2004). If we are part of that era, perhaps we would simply say that it was the only way to stop the Japanese aggressors. For the Japanese and its allies, it was an evil act for the Americans to involve innocent Japanese civilians in the war. Leaping forward to the present era where people have become broad-minded and peace-oriented, many Americans have condemned the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and a number of big organizations have initiated moves to restore America’s image to the world especially to the Japanese people. But there are also sectors including the military who believe that the war would not have ended if the bombing was not done. Does the end justify the means in this case? Certainly not; according to Christine Smith in her article entitled, The End does not justify the Means, committing any acts of evil, regardless of any given circumstances, is always considered wrong. This writer may be right in saying this except that she fails to manifest the exact definition of evil in her statement. When the national interest is at risk to preserve democracy, the military is given a free-hand by the government to thwart rebellion. After a series of democratic process with maximum tolerance and the rebels adhere to their hard-line principle of a â€Å"coup d‘etat,† the military has the ultimate option to use arms. On the side of the relatives and advocates of the aggressive movement this could be evil, but on the side of the government and those against undemocratic process of government take-over, this could be reasonable. Let’s analyze another case, the downing of Korean Airlines Flight 007 in Russia way back 1983 which carried 269 passengers including the crew where most of the victims were Americans and Koreans. It was argued by Russia that the plane violated its airspace, with a hint that it was a spy plane, which led to its ultimate decision to shoot it down, while the U. S. quickly denounced the brutal act of Russia, justifying the cause of air space violation as an aeronautical miscalculation of the pilot. As far as the Russians are concerned, the end justified the means, but on the side of the Americans and Koreans, that was an act of terrorism. In this particular case, the element of ideology has to be refuted. While the brutal act was considered by the Russians as a way to suppress any threat to their ideology, they did it in any way possible even if the world would condemn it as an evil act. Russians believed that the tragic end has justified the means involving the interest of the Soviet Union. Given that it was an aeronautical error to violate airspace, Russia should have instructed the pilot of the ill-fated airplane to follow an emergency landing for investigation concerning the alleged espionage instead of downing it, considering that it was a passenger aircraft and not a military one. Even assuming that it was a language barrier between pilots that could have been the cause of the immediate military response, still it can never be justified. On the part of the victims’ relatives, the incident was intentionally done and Russians must be stiffly penalized. For a few who ruled the military, it was part of an exercise. For communist allies, it was the right thing to do, but for the rest of the world, it would be remembered as a massacre in the sky. Same is true for any kind of religion which has a great concern for human life; the act was inspired by the devil. In cases of tortures, human rights abuses, military actions and capital punishments, the end may not justify the means. Even if the ultimate result is good for the majority or even to a nation, if the means was done in a vicious way, then, that could never be justified. But for soldiers who are engaged in war, it is entirely a different philosophy. A soldier has to follow orders from his superiors to protect the sovereignty of a nation, that’s his duty. When he goes to the jungle in search for the enemies, he carries with him a mandate from his superiors. But when he is out there to engage in combat, a different scenario occurs. He becomes primarily concerned about his own life and to return to his family alive, the mandate becomes secondary. Very few want to be a hero and much lesser to be friendly with the enemies. A soldier is a military machine, that’s how he was honed and oriented; he has to kill the enemy before the enemy kills him. He has to execute a rapid action if his life is endangered. That’s the game of war, that’s the game of chance if he wants to survive. But if a soldier is engaged in killing innocent people just because he could not identify the enemy exactly, then, his action does not justify his motive. If he tortures an enemy or a group of people in search for truth, it can be held unjust. If he is trigger-happy and involved in mass execution because he fails to identify the enemies exactly, he must be condemned and be subject to a court-martial. There can never be an excuse for killing people at an instant without concrete evidence backed up by reliable logistics, and in so doing, his conscience must be directly involved. But how do we gauge and monitor his professionalism in the battlefield? A soldier is dispatched with a troop and a leader who keeps track of all his moves. There is a saying that â€Å"foul odor will always come out in the open,† especially when the victim’s relatives submit a complaint with corresponding evidence. Let’s take a look at Teresa M. Hudock’s article entitled, ‘The End Does Not Justify The Means’. She said that the best example of a credible perfectionist is one who does not use military force and violence in any given circumstances, even in self-defense, and he must be an advocate of human rights. This might be an ideal scenario. War or no war, when life is at stake magnanimity will be a subject for legal arguments especially when self-defense is in question. No person will allow others to take his life without doing anything except for born-heroes. Therefore, justifying the end by the course of action taken depends on how people look at it and it varies on the standpoint of different sectors of the society. In essence, the end does not always justify the means. Nonetheless, there are extreme instances or ‘supreme emergencies’ wherein the ends bring about the greater good which justifies the means of attaining it. References: Hudock, T. M. The End does not Jusifies the Means. Retrieved on January 26, 2009, from http://www. usc. edu/dept/LAS/ir/calis/pdfs/171w. PDF Machiavelli, N. (1515). The Prince. http://www. constitution. org/mac/prince00. htm Smith, C. (2008). The End does not Justify the Means. Retrieved on January 25, 2009, from http://www. nolanchart. Com/ article4573. html Walzer, M. (2004). Emergency Ethics. New Haven and London. Yale University Press. P. 33-55